Class 12 Geography Study Notes Previous year question papers , sample paper , NCERT Solutions, and all other study material for Geography subject of class 12th are present here for students and teachers.
Class 12 Geography
Geography is introduced as an elective subject at the senior secondary stage. After ten years of general education, students branch out at the beginning of this stage and are exposed to the rigors of the discipline for the first time. Being an entry point for the higher education, students choose Geography for pursuing their academic interest and, therefore, need a broader and deeper understanding of the subject.
CBSE Class 12 Geography consists of the following textbook ( published by NCERT)
1. Fundamental of Human Geography , published by NCERT
2. India : People and Economy , published by NCERT
3. Practical Work in Geography Part II , published by NCERT
Resource ( Study Material )
| CBSE Class 12 Geography Syllabus |
| CBSE Class 12 Geography Study Notes |
| CBSE Class 12 Geography NCERT Solutions |
| CBSE Class 12 Geography Sample Paper |
| CBSE Class 12 Geography Model Test Paper |
| CBSE Class 12 Geography Previous Year Question Papers |
CBSE Class 12th Geography Syllabus
Part A : Fundamentals of Human Geography
Unit 1 : Human Geography
Nature and Scope
Unit 2 : People
The World Population- distribution, density and growth
Population change – Components of population change, Demographic Transition
Human development – concept; selected indicators, international comparisons
Unit 3 : Human Activities
Primary activities – concept and changing trends; gathering, pastoral, mining, subsistence agriculture, modern agriculture; people engaged in agricultural and allied activities – some examples from selected countries
Secondary activities- concept; manufacturing: types – household, small scale, large scale; agro based and mineral based industries;
Tertiary activities – concept; trade, transport and tourism; services; people engaged in tertiary activities
Quaternary activities- concept; people engaged in quaternary activities – case study from selected countries
Unit 4 : Transport, Communication and Trade
Land transport – roads, railways; transcontinental railways Water transport- inland waterways; major ocean routes
Air transport- Intercontinental air routes Oil and gas pipelines
Satellite communication and cyber space-importance and usage for geographical information; use of GPS
International trade- bases and changing patterns; ports as gateways of international trade; role of WTO in international trade
Part B : India: People and Economy
Unit 6 : People
Population: distribution, density and growth; composition of population – linguistic, religious; sex, rural-urban and occupational-regional variations in growth of population
Unit 7 : Human Settlements
Rural settlements – types and distribution
Urban settlements – types, distribution and functional classification
Unit 8 : Resources and Development
Land resources- general land use; agricultural land use; geographical conditions and distribution of major crops (Wheat, Rice, Tea, Coffee, Cotton, Jute, Sugarcane and Rubber); agricultural development and problems
Water resources-availability and utilization-irrigation, domestic, industrial and other uses; scarcity of water and conservation methods-rain water harvesting and watershed management
Mineral and energy resources- distribution of metallic (Iron ore, Copper, Bauxite, Manganese); non-metallic (Mica, Salt) minerals; conventional (Coal, Petroleum, Natural gas and Hydroelectricity) and non-conventional energy sources (solar, wind, biogas) and conservation
Planning in India- target group area planning (case study); idea of sustainable development (case study)
Unit 9 : Transport, Communication and International Trade
Transport and communication-roads, railways, waterways and airways: oil and gas pipelines; Geographical information and communication net works
International trade- changing pattern of India’s foreign trade; sea ports and their hinterland and airports
Unit 10 : Geographical Perspective on selected issues and problems
Environmental pollution; urban-waste disposal
Urbanization, rural-urban migration; problems of slums
Land degradation
Part C : Practical Work in Geography Part II
Unit 1 : Processing of Data and Thematic Mapping
Type and Sources of data: Primary, Secondary and other sources
Tabulating and processing of data; calculation of averages, measures of central tendency
Representation of data- construction of diagrams: bars, circles and flowchart; thematic maps; construction of dot; choropleth and isopleths maps
Unit 2 : Spatial Information Technology
Introduction to GIS; hardware requirements and software modules; data formats; raster and vector data, data input, editing and topology building; data analysis; overlay and buffer.
Reference : CBSE Academics
CBSE Class 12 Geography Study Notes
NCERT Text Book Class 12 Geography – “Fundamental of Human Geography”
Study Notes Chapter 1 ( Human Geography : Nature and Scope )
Study Notes Chapter 2 ( The World Population : Distribution, Density and Growth )
Study Notes Chapter 3 ( Population Composition )
Study Notes Chapter 4 ( Human Development )
Study Notes Chapter 5 ( Primary Activities )
Study Notes Chapter 6 ( Secondary Activities )
Study Notes Chapter 7 ( Tertiary and Quaternary Activities )
Study Notes Chapter 8 ( Transport and Communication )
Study Notes Chapter 9 ( International Trade )Study Notes Chapter 10 ( Human Settlements ) [ Not Included in Syllabus for 2022-23 ]
NCERT Text Book Class 12 Geography – “India : People and Economy “
Study Notes Chapter 1 ( Population : Distribution , Density, Growth, and Composition )Study Notes Chapter 2 ( Migration : Types , Causes and Consequences ) [ Not Included in Syllabus for 2022-23 ]Study Notes Chapter 3 ( Human Development ) [ Not Included in Syllabus for 2022-23 ]
Study Notes Chapter 4 ( Human Settlements )
Study Notes Chapter 5 ( Land Resources and Agriculture )
Study Notes Chapter 6 ( Water Resources )
Study Notes Chapter 7 ( Mineral and Energy Resources )Study Notes Chapter 8 ( Manufacturing Industries ) [ Not Included in Syllabus for 2022-23 ]
Study Notes Chapter 9 ( Planning and Sustainable Development in Indian Context )
Study Notes Chapter 10 ( Transport and Communication )
Study Notes Chapter 11 ( International Trade )
Study Notes Chapter 12 ( Geographical Perspective on Selected issues and Problems )
NCERT Text Book Class 12 Geography – “Practical Work in Geography Part II”
Study Notes Chapter 1 ( Data – Its Source and Compilation )
Study Notes Chapter 2 ( Data Processing )
Study Notes Chapter 3 ( Graphical Representation of Data )Study Notes Chapter 4 ( Use of Computer in Data Processing and Mapping ) [ Not Included in Syllabus for 2022-23 ]Study Notes Chapter 5 ( Field Surveys ) [ Not Included in Syllabus for 2022-23 ]
Study Notes Chapter 6 ( Spatial Information Technology )
CBSE Class 12 Geography NCERT Solutions
NCERT Text Book Class 12 Geography – “Fundamental of Human Geography”
NCERT Solution Chapter 1 ( Human Geography : Nature and Scope )
NCERT Solution Chapter 2 ( The World Population : Distribution, Density and Growth )
NCERT Solution Chapter 3 ( Population Composition )
NCERT Solution Chapter 4 ( Human Development )
NCERT Solution Chapter 5 ( Primary Activities )
NCERT Solution Chapter 6 ( Secondary Activities )
NCERT Solution Chapter 7 ( Tertiary and Quaternary Activities )
NCERT Solution Chapter 8 ( Transport and Communication )
NCERT Solution Chapter 9 ( International Trade )NCERT Solution Chapter 10 ( Human Settlements ) [ Not Included in Syllabus for 2022-23 ]
NCERT Text Book Class 12 Geography – “India : People and Economy “
NCERT Solution Chapter 1 ( Population : Distribution , Density, Growth, and Composition )NCERT Solution Chapter 2 ( Migration : Types , Causes and Consequences ) [ Not Included in Syllabus for 2022-23 ]NCERT Solution Chapter 3 ( Human Development ) [ Not Included in Syllabus for 2022-23 ]
NCERT Solution Chapter 4 ( Human Settlements )
NCERT Solution Chapter 5 ( Land Resources and Agriculture )
NCERT Solution Chapter 6 ( Water Resources )
NCERT Solution Chapter 7 ( Mineral and Energy Resources )NCERT Solution Chapter 8 ( Manufacturing Industries ) [ Not Included in Syllabus for 2022-23 ]
NCERT Solution Chapter 9 ( Planning and Sustainable Development in Indian Context )
NCERT Solution Chapter 10 ( Transport and Communication )
NCERT Solution Chapter 11 ( International Trade )
NCERT Solution Chapter 12 ( Geographical Perspective on Selected issues and Problems )
NCERT Text Book Class 12 Geography – “Practical Work in Geography Part II”
NCERT Solution Chapter 1 ( Data – Its Source and Compilation )
NCERT Solution Chapter 2 ( Data Processing )
NCERT Solution Chapter 3 ( Graphical Representation of Data )NCERT Solution Chapter 4 ( Use of Computer in Data Processing and Mapping ) [ Not Included in Syllabus for 2022-23 ]NCERT Solution Chapter 5 ( Field Surveys ) [ Not Included in Syllabus for 2022-23 ]
NCERT Solution Chapter 6 ( Spatial Information Technology )
CBSE Class 12 Geography Previous Year Question Papers
CBSE Class 12 Geography Question Paper 2022
CBSE Class 12 Geography Question Paper 2021
CBSE Class 12 Geography Question Paper 2020
CBSE Class 12 Geography Question Paper 2019
CBSE Class 12 Geography Question Paper 2018
CBSE Class 12 Geography Question Paper 2017
CBSE Class 12 Geography Question Paper 2016
CBSE Class 12 Geography Question Paper 2015
CBSE Class 12 Geography Question Paper 2014
CBSE Class 12 Geography Question Paper 2013
CBSE Class 12 Geography Question Paper 2012
CBSE Class 12 Geography Question Paper 2011
CBSE Class 12 Geography Question Paper 2010